Abu Musab al-Zarqawi

Abu Musab al-Zarqawi أبومصعب الزرقاوي, (October 30, 1966 – June 7, 2006), born Ahmad Fadeel al-Nazal al-Khalayleh أحمد فضيل النزال الخلايله, was a Jordanian militant Islamist who ran a paramilitary training camp in Afghanistan. He became known after going to Iraq and being responsible for a series of bombings, beheadings, and attacks during the Iraq War.

He formed Jama'at al-Tawhid wal-Jihad in the 1990s, and led it until his death in June 2006. Zarqawi took responsibility, on several audio- and videotapes, for numerous acts of violence in Iraq including[suicide bombings and hostage executions. Zarqawi opposed the presence of US and Western military forces in the Islamic world, as well as the West's support for the existence of Israel. In late 2004 he joined Al-Qaeda, and pledged allegiance to Osama bin Laden. After this al-Tawhid wal-Jihad became known as Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI), and al-Zarqawi was given the Al-Qaeda title, "Emir of Al Qaeda in the Country of Two Rivers".

In September 2005, he declared "all-out war" on Shia Islam in Iraq after the Iraqi government offensive on insurgents in the Sunni town of Tal Afar. He dispatched numerous suicide bombers throughout Iraq to attack American soldiers and areas with large concentrations of Shia militias. He is also responsible for the 2005 Amman bombings of three hotels in Amman, Jordan. Zarqawi died in a targeted killing on June 7, 2006, while attending a meeting in an isolated safehouse approximately north of Baqubah. Two United States Air Force F-16 Fighting Falcon] jets dropped two 500-pound (230 kg) guided bombs on the safehouse.