Juozas Albinas Markulis-Erelis

In 1936, in Kaunas, Higher Panemune, the graduate student of the Lithuanian Military School delivered the best postgraduate speech in the presence of the President of the Republic Antanas Smetona, the Prime Minister J.Tubelis, the Commander of the Armed Forces and other dignitaries. “I saturated my five-minute speech with youthfulness, romanticism, love of the homeland, respect for the past of the past, and a learned use of the present, an overview of the present, and a concise emphasis on the challenges ahead. "It is better for the lions in battle to fall, than for the shepherd to find the humiliated, looking at the desecrated Motherland, the brothers who are indivisible. Our few, but we are determined to become the legends of all nations. So, brethren, let us move the earth and heaven, viibus unis! " Shaking his hand, Musteiki said, “You lieutenant, quit medicine and go study for law: You have a great talent for influencing others through live word of mouth. I will support you. Do not bury the gift of nature. It must serve Lithuania. ” Yes, this lieutenant has gone a long way, but not on the path that was expected and expected.

Juozas Albinas Markulis was born in 1913.March 1 Pittsburgh,Pennsylvania,USA.

Between 1930 and 1935 he studied at Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University, Faculty of Theology, Philosophy and Law, to obtain a gymnasium education and to study medicine. At the same time, he graduated from the Military School in 1936 with a reserve lieutenant degree. In 1941 he graduated from Kaunas Vytautas Magnus University Medical Faculty and until 1943 worked as an assistant in the Department of Human Anatomy. After the German occupation closed the university, he worked as a district doctor in Ukmerge and Utena. October 1944 appointed Head and Head of Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Vilnius University, Lithuania lecturer.In January 1945, the KGB recruited a domestic agent under the pseudonym “Azuolas“(“Oak“).Since this agent's case has not been found, various rumors about the circumstances surrounding his recruitment have spread. According to some, he was arrested for participating in the exhumation of Bolshevik victims during the German occupation, suffering torture and agreeing to cooperate with the MGB. However, a sudden scientific career is a testament to the rather voluntary, patriotic, collaboration with the MGB. One has to pay attention to his chosen specialty - forensic, pathological anatomy (that is corpse autopsy). At that time, the main suppliers of such work were the NKVD and NKGB prisons and other institutions in that system, so no doctor could work there unless he was a Russian or a security agent. “The Lithuanian Freedom Army (whose founder and I were leading bright ideals), eventually captured by Veversky K. and his helpers (sold to the Gestapo), dragged his countrymen to ruin. I could not remain a doubting observer rescuing my egoism. I was horrible. The blood of the innocent, the tears, the earth even wailed. One had to sacrifice. I did not hesitate to choose the way - to show the lives of those who are mistaken, to heal war wounds and to create a new Tomorrow in the Nemunas region. The result was a series of intrigue, slander, jealousy, and abominable slander. That didn't scare me. Who had to sacrifice it, because the whole Nemunas region was threatened by real death and disappearance. And I went to the rescue of those who were mistaken, and went on to extinguish the fire of fratricidal, meaningless murders ”(J. Markulis, 04.10.1970, Sunday, Vilnius).And Juozas “sacrificed”: I was in contact with Lieutenant Colonel Ilya Borisovich Počkaj, and until then I was in contact with MGB Major Makov '(testimony of 12 June 1956 by J. Markulis in the case of V. Valantino and others). I suppose J.Markulis was actually recruited by Kim, a resident of the NKVD, during the GerThe fact that J.Markulis played the role of Azef (double agent), today only one person believes in Lithuania - his former liaison Ona Trakimaite-Ozka(Goat). She is convinced that the Lithuanian Underground Center also included the MGB commanders themselves. The following never doubted the patriotism of their agent: November 24 Chairman of the Lithuanian SSR KGB J.Petkevicius presented J.Markulis, an agent "Noreika" to the award on the occasion of the fifty years of the organs of the VCK-KGB, who "as our agent, 1945-1948. repeatedly infiltrated the ruling circuits of the then-armed nationalist underground and, as a Soviet patriot, was instrumental in dismantling dozens of bandit headquarters, inactivating a number of large bandit formation commanders, and many bandit-terrorists. At the same time, Markul was able to work on dismantling gangs and legalizing a significant number of ordinary participants. " In 1969, J.Markulis had also produced the cover story "Being and Dreamed: A Story of a Rifle, Courage and Faithfulness" to educate youth, but the KGB abstained and did not announce its patriot in the press ...

That is why we have to talk about what it was: treachery and betrayal. J.Markulis actually knew Kazys Veverskis-Senis(Old man), the leader of the LLA, but he was a reserve member - a reserve politician. He was known by those who knew him as an intellectual with a rare talent and a patriot. He was able to communicate with people and was eloquent. He had created the image of a broad-minded, cherished art, who appreciates Lithuania and its people and understands art. His first assignment as an agent was to follow a colleague from his department and historian Bronius Dundulis, another lecturer at the Faculty of Humanities. He was later tasked with more (for example, "taking care" of the Stuthofians, formerly hostages of the people in the Stuthof Nazi camp), including writer Balys Sruoga. So it was a long way before the "sacrifice" for "innocent blood"!man occupation while he was working as a physician in Utena County (May 10, 1944 - July 7, 1944).In the summer of 1945, J.Markulis'“Soviet patriotism“ was “blood tested“: he used LLA connections adn, after a visit to Kirdeikiai, issued a pastor,Father Fr.Liutkus-Juodasis Petras(Black Peter) and the first commander of Vytautas district Capt.V.Gumauskas-Gailius, who was shot in an ambush.Spring of 1946 was a time of profound change. The MGB decided not to wait anymore and, following the wave of mass arrests, wiped out the undergrounds, began to create its own false "center", perhaps by targeting more of the expatriate centers in the West and seeking to penetrate foreign intelligence. It was not something new, creative: the occupiers were trying to replicate the old Chekist operation of the Savinkovo ​​case ("Trust"), carried out before the Russian emigration, only the Lithuanian version. Its essence is that once a false underground organization is created, it will take over the Resistance Command and its foreign relations, and will destroy everything with a single shot. This operation was complicated by the fact that the organization really had to operate underground, that is, resisting with MGB agents, empowering them to commit diversions, murders (up to a major), and decipher other MGB informants or agents.

This was witnessed in 1974 by the KGB Major. L.Maksimov (BDPS Center Liaison Antanas): “When I was transferred to an illegal position, I was categorically banned from entering the Lithuanian SSR MGB without much need. During the day, unless there was a need for operational work, I was forbidden to be in town. I was sitting in a locked house near a ministry where security staff lived. ” No reports of the MGB reflected this activity, except for direct reports to the head of this operation, I. Počkaj.

Therefore, the commander of such a "center" had to be extremely reliable and inventive, and he became J.Markulis. "Markulis has repeatedly been confronted with extremely difficult and life-threatening situations in the fight against the active enemies of the Soviet state, but with great erudition, masculinity, bravery and exceptional ingenuity, he has successfully accomplished his goals. Many times he risked not only himself but also the life of his relatives ”(J. Petetevicius letter No. 2 / 2-7201 dated 27.11.1967).

For this operation, the MGB Unit 2 merged two agency cases, the Saxons and the Cerbers, which led to the launch of a new agency case in July 1946, the Zapad Plan, then the Wave and Volna. "Forest" ("Les").

The "rise" of J.Markulis was helped by chance: April 1946. The Commander of the Great Fighting District, J.Misiunas-Žalias velnias (Green Devil,) began to seek contacts with some central center, and his associate, student-doctor O.Trakimaite (sister of Chief of Staff Benedict Trakim-Genel) addressed his ... professor. And he found ... The MGB, through J.A.Markulis, began to portray the restoration of such a center - the Lithuanian National Council - from its remains. Moral cynicism was that he chose the name of Captain Jonas Noreika, a self-proclaimed and killed in Tuskulenai, as the agency's nickname. The same Goat introduced the professor to another student, Albina Celiešiūtė from Suwalki. May 28 A High Representative of the Aukstaitija Partisan Staff, Erelis (Eagle) (MGB Agent Ązuolas-Noreika) met with the Southern Lithuanian partisan leadership. The meeting questions indicate that his task at that time was still limited to the routine agent's task of localizing the partisan leadership, its order of communication. Immediately after the visit of the agent, military cloaks were arranged under the leadership of MVD Minister J. Bartasiunas.The situation changed when Markulis received an invitation from Taurus County liaison officers on June 6 to meet with foreign "journalists". On June 18, a Joint Democratic Resistance Movement (BDPS) was established at the Iron Wolf headquarters meeting with J.Deksnys-Hektoras(Hector) and V.Staneika-Meskis(Bear). Following this success, the MGB's plan for the West (Zapad) was to inject its agents into the Chief Resistance Command under construction, to take over contacts with Lithuanian centers in the West, and to use the BDPS as a weapon to suppress partisan resistance. "To accomplish this task, I, as Secretary General of the BDPS, was tasked by the MGB to unite, under the leadership of the BDPS, all anti-Soviet organizations in Lithuania ... The BDPS had to pursue a ceasefire policy by members of the armed underground."In the second half of July, Hetoras met with the Eagle in Kaunas, and thus the VLAC, the Supreme Lithuanian Reconstruction Committee, was born. The LAC General Military Staff had to be tasked with leading all resistance. The BDPS had to deal only with political activities and intelligence cooperation with the LAC Headquarters Unit II. The formation of the BDPS Chief Committee itself remained in the hands of J. Dexney-Hektoras. On July 29, J.Deksnys left for Vilnius and stayed with J.Markulis in his apartment. Here, Mr Deksnys takes a decisive step, which has had tragic consequences for the entire resistance of Lithuania. He asked Markulis to hold a meeting of underground commanders in Vilnius, where he, as a representative of the foreign delegation, could discuss new underground tactics, outline the envisaged structure, and introduce MGB Agent J.Markulis as chairman of the LAC and BDPS leader. Such a meeting of "district commanders" was held on August 12 in Vilnius, attended by almost one MGB agent. Under the cover of the meeting, the leader of the Great Fighting District and the active organizer of the resistance movement J.Misiunas -Zaliasis Velnias (Green Devil) was arrested in Vilnius.It seems, first and foremost, that the entire leadership had to be made up of MGB agents, luring the real resisters one by one. In other words, the creation of J.Markulis' resistance organization began. First he hesitated to dr. Narutavičius and prof. Salčiūnas suggested that the committee consisted of "highly committed professors" who, from their salaries, "supported" underground activities. Later, Colonel Vytis and Captain Grieztas (Gigortas), the ex-president A.Smetona's son-in-law T.Chodakauskas agentas Liutas (Agent Leo) with the Golden Guard, and a couple of loyal priests appeared. J.Markulis pulled out his relatives Petras Janškevicius from the camp for his organization with his mother, whose brother and father Major Januskevicius-Father had been killed by guerrillas, and so on. This was followed by the inclusion of true resistors. J.Deksnys agreed that after leaving English backup codes to Juozas Luksa, in the end of July J.Markulis invited Juozas and his brother Stasys to move to the capital for radio communication and other organizational BDPS affairs, and attracted "active terrorists" Algimantas Zaskevicius-Tautvaisa from Žemaitija and Antanas Kulikauskas-Daktaras from Dzūkija, took the wife of Daniel Vaitelis, the commander of Vytis district, into his custody, and through his family tried to reach the commander of the Eastern region Jonas Kimstas-Zalgiris(Grunwald).The only thought of the MGB was to destroy any resistance to the regime, and suppression tactics took and applied what was useful at the time. The goal of J.Markulis was to stop or at least limit the military activities against the occupiers by transferring the fighters from the active squads to the illegal situation in the cities. Here, by controlling forged documents and by creating an apartment-trap system, he gradually hoped to destroy the entire underground. It seems that if not for the impatience of the Russians themselves, Markulis would have achieved more. "Dr. The Eagle, a man of considerable intelligence and intellectual ability to accomplish his treacherous goals - not today, a year later to destroy the guerrilla movement under my leadership - followed very closely all my actions and sought to find out beyond what I do from letters to the committee so far. but also what I think. ”(Letter from J.Kimstas-Zalgiris to Algimantas District Commander, September 27, 1947).

The unimpeded activities of the Eagle and the arrests of underground characters aroused suspicion and in early January 1947, Markulis was revealed as an MGB agent. Tauras, Dainava and Kestutis districts distanced themselves from its activities. Taur County Commander Zvejys (Fisher )ordered the Eagle to be liquidate and made efforts to alert all district staffs to the eagle's provocative action.In the summer of 1947, J.A.Markulis risked holding a congress of Vytis and Samogitian Provinces, in which he "condemned" J. Luksa-Kazimieras and A.Zaskevicius-Salna (Frost) (who had already been arrested by the MGB and had been extradited), and called to come to find out the relationship. He succeeded in summoning Vytautas and Algimantas district commanders to Vilnius, but they were lucky to escape the trap. That was the end. "After all, physically and morally depressed, completely out of reach of his betrayal goals, completely deciphered, being very close to the tree on which he was hanging his moving, dr. The eagle still grabs like a sinker, the last of the tools. He s. m. September 28 On behalf of the committee, warns me and the Algimantas County Headquarters of the disaster with Mr. p. Miskinis (Forest man) and Sarunas, obliges me to rescue those in distress and to protect myself and my area in a timely and appropriate manner. Here's what dr. Eagle betrayal ... Apparently, the Most High himself wanted Mr. p. Miskinis and Sarunas, with their heroic devotion, would tear off the traitor - dr. For the Eagle, the last and most dangerous mask ... Let them be eternally honored, for they truly deserve it ”(Zalgiris, 27 September 1947). At the end of 1947 and the beginning of 1948, the cost of arrests of its leadership was also distant in Samogitia County.The Judas themself, a partisan named Peslys(Kite), had to beware. Fearing retribution, in 1948-1954 J.Markulis was sent to the Pavlov Institute of Physiology in Leningrad to "improve". Due to the discovery of the treacherous activities of Lithuanian expatriates in the West, in 1956 he was removed from the agency network and placed on the reserve. After returning to Lithuania, he worked as head of the Forensic Laboratory and taught at Vilnius University. Since 1977, he has been Head of the Department of Pathological Physiology and Anatomy at the University. He became an Assistant Professor (1966), a Professor (1971), a Candidate of Medical Sciences (1956), and a Doctor (1968). Apparently, for the thousands of people killed, imprisoned and deported in 1982, he was awarded the title of the LSSR deserving cultural figure, and was awarded the Labor Red Flag Order, two medals.

Until the end of his life he was dissatisfied with the "intrigue and jealousy": it was impossible to understand why J. Kubilius-Bernotas ("Ketas"), the former head of the organizational unit of LLA Lydis team headquarters, became rector and he was only professor and leader. Died in 1987 December 10 In Vilnius, at the same time, he avoided confrontation with Independence. Buried next to her mother. A group of friends published an obituary: "The bright memory of Professor Markulis will remain in the hearts of all who knew him for a long time." They made a mockery: Peslys's blood-sucking provocation will remain forever as a story of disgust, deceit, and betrayal.